English sexologist and activist Havelock Ellis was BOTD in 1859. Born in London to a naval family, he was educated in England before working as a school teacher in Australia. Returning to England in 1879, he studied medicine and qualified as a doctor, befriending fellow Socialists Edward Carpenter and George Bernard Shaw. Most of his career was dedicated to studying and writing about the burgeoning field of sexology. His best-known work, Sexual Inversion, co-written with John Addington Symonds, was published in German in 1896, with an English translation in 1897. One of the world’s first academic studies of homosexuality, it considered sexual responsiveness in children and adolescents and adult male homosexuality. Unusually for his time, he refused to characterise same-sex attraction as a disease or a crime. He coined the terms “auto-eroticism” and “narcissism”, which were subsequently developed by Sigmund Freud, and the term “Eonism” to describe transgender identity. He was also one of the first clinicians to identify the important of smell in sexual attraction, publishing an account of his experiments with mescaline. An enthusiastic eugenicist, he supported birth control for women primarily as a way of improving evolutionary progression, though he disapproved of enforced sterilisation. Ellis married the bisexual social reformer Edith Lees, with whom he had an open marriage. He appears to have had little sex drive, though wrote about his interest in urolagnia (deriving sexual pleasure from the sight of urine). He died in 1939 aged 80.