American costume designer Edith Head was BOTD in 1897. Born in San Bernadino, California, she studied at the University of California and Stanford University, and worked as a language teacher before studying at the Otis Institute and the Chouinard Art School. In 1923, she was hired by Paramount Pictures as a costume sketch artist, winning early acclaim for her designs for studio stars Dorothy Lamour and Ginger Rogers. She became one of the greatest costume designers in Hollywood, nominated for the Academy Award for Costume Design every year from its inception in 1949 to 1966, and winning a record eight times. Known for her close working relationships with actors, she became the favourite designer of Bette Davis, Olivia de Havilland, Cary Grant, Barbara Stanwyck, Lauren Bacall, John Wayne, Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor and Natalie Wood. She has a long working relationship with filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock, who invited her to join Universal Pictures in 1967 after Paramount refused to renew her contract. At Universal, she worked predominantly in television, designing Agnes Moorehead’s campy outfits for Bewitched with occasional work in film. Head married twice, to Charles Head and latterly to art director Wiard Ihnen, remaining together until her death in 1981, aged 83. Her lesbianism was an open secret in Hollywood, and she is thought to have had an affair with Stanwyck, whose glamorous femme fatale image she helped cultivate.