German sexologist and writer Benedict Friedlaender was BOTD in 1866. Born in Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia to a distinguished academic family, he was a gifted student, completing a doctorate in zoology. He was a founding member and prominent donor to Magnus Hirschfeld‘s Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee (Scientific-Humanitarian Committee), established in 1879 to advocate for sexual law reform and social recognition of queer people. Friedlander disputed Hirschfeld’s theories of homosexuality as a third gender, arguing for a masculinist model of homosexuality drawn from Ancient Greece. A committed anarchist and libertarian, Friedlander also took issue with Hirschfeld’s coalition-building with Socialist and feminist organisations. In 1906, he left Hirschfeld’s organisation, co-founding the rival advocacy group Gemeinschaft der Eigenen (Community of one’s own) with fellow dissident Adolf Brand. He also published a number of books on his theories of “Greek love”, including his controversial advocacy of adult men having sexual relationships with boys and young men. By 1919, he and Hirschfeld had reconciled sufficiently to advocate jointly for the repeal of Germany’s anti-gay laws. Openly gay, little is known about his personal life or relationships. He died in 1908, aged 41.