Burmese opium trafficker and warlord Yang Kyin Hsiu, also known as Olive Yang, was BOTD in 1927. Born in the northern Shan States in British-occupied Burma, she was educated at a Catholic school, defying gender norms from a young age by refusing to have her feet bound and bringing a gun to school. In 1946, aged 19, she organised an army of 1,000 Kokangese soldiers, nicknamed Olive’s Boys, seizing control of local opium trade routes. She dominated the region’s opium trade from the end of World War Two to 1953, when she assisted the Burmese government in expelling the Kuomintang (Chinese nationalist forces) from the country. She then partnered with the Kuomintang to establish opium trade routes across the Burmese border into Thailand, making her the de facto ruler of the region. Yang entered an arranged marriage with Twan Sao Wen in 1948, with whom she had a son, separating in 1950. Openly queer, she had relationships with singer Wah Wah Win Shwe and beauty queen Louisa Benson Craig. She was arrested in 1962 by the Burmese government and imprisoned for six years. After her release, she reportedly spent her final years as a nun. In the 1980s, she was recruited by army general Khin Nyunt to help broker ceasefires with rebel ethnic groups. She retired to Kokang, dying in 2017 aged 90.
Olive Yang

